前回お話したリーダーの資質についての続きです。
イタリアの高校の歴史教科書には次のように
書かれています。
指導者に求められる資質は、次の5つである
○知性
○説得力
○肉体上の耐久力
○自己制御の能力
○持続する意志
「カエサルだけが、このすべてを持っていた」
カエサルがいかに凄いリーダーだったか
もう少し書いてみたいと思います。
○知性
知識や教養はもちろん、多くの人間が見たいと欲する現実しか
見ようとしない中で、見たくない現実までをも見据える能力を持ち、
見据えた後で、それがどの方向に向かうのが最良の道であるかも
理解してこそ真の知性と呼べるものである。
（塩野七生／ローマから日本が見えるより）
カエサルは、共和制ローマ末期の人ですが、もはや元老院による
統治システム（共和政）が制度疲労を迎え、限界であることを悟り
新しい統治システム（帝政）を見据えて元老院体制と戦った人物です。
このカエサルの知性によって、大きな転換を迎えたローマですが
それが最良な選択であったことは、後世の歴史が証明しています。
○説得力
説得力については、前回もお話しましたが
自分の考えを他人に伝え、理解させ、人を動かす能力です。
文章であれ演説であれ、人を動かすことができなければ
リーダーとして失格です。
カエサルは、この点でも最高のリーダーでした。
○肉体上の耐久力
目的を達成するためには、何よりもまず健康でなくてはなりません。
カエサルは、それこそ暗殺されるまで病気知らずでした。
またガリア戦役では、常に戦の連続ですが
常に先頭に立って馬を走らせていました。
○自己制御の能力
自己制御とは、自制心でもあります。
どんなに成功しても浮かれることなく、また失敗しても
落胆することもありません。嫉妬や怒りとも無縁であり
自らの感情をコントロールする。
感情的になったり、自分を見失うことがあっては
リーダーたるもの部下の求心力は得られません。
また、敵であっても許してしまうカエサルは、
偉大な「寛容さ」も持ち合わせていました。
カエサルの寛容さを伝えるこんなエピソードがあります。
ポンペイウスとの決戦を控え、ルビコン川を渡る前、
ガリア戦役を通してずっとカエサルの右腕であった
ラビエヌスという武将がポンペイウス側に寝返ったときも
カエサルは、彼の荷物を丁寧に送ってあげました。
大事な右腕を失ってもカエサルは、その寛容さを
忘れませんでした。
○持続する意志
目的達成のために何が必要で、どう行動すればいいか
理解し、必ず実行する。
そして、どんなに窮地に陥っても決して諦めず最後まで
やり抜く強い意志
暗殺という悲劇により、志半ばで彼の夢は絶たれてしまいますが、
彼の一貫した理念と行動力は決して揺らぐことはありませんでした。
これは、後にローマ帝国の初代皇帝となるアウグストゥスを
自らの後継者に指名したことでもはっきりとしています。
イタリアの教科書にあるようなリーダーとはかくあるべきと
いうのは簡単ですが、現実的にかなりハードルは高いですね。
ただ、「リーダー」を図る指標としては、まずもって
正確なモノサシでもあると思います。
また、人の上に立つべき人として、これらの資質を少しでも
持ち合わせている人は、目的達成の可能性が高くなると思います。
たいそれた大風呂敷を拡げるつもりはありませんが、
自分もこうした資質をもてるよう精進したいと思います。
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